中古

Japoney

Anarana iombonana

中古

1. zavatra efa nampiasaina na efa nampiasaina

Fanononana

(Tokyo) ちゅうこ [chùúkó] (Heiban – [0]) secondhand (Tokyo) ちゅうこ [chúꜜùkò] (Atamadaka – [1]) medieval times; Early Middle Japanese IPA(key): [t͡ɕɨːko̞]

Tsiahy

• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 中古 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Sinoa

Mpamaritra

中古

1. zavatra ampiasaina

Fanononana

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhōnggǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹ gu²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiong-kó͘

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhōnggǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhonggǔ
    • Wade–Giles: chung¹-ku³
    • Yale: jūng-gǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jongguu
    • Palladius: чжунгу (čžungu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 中古 鐘鼓 / 钟鼓

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zung¹ gu²
    • Yale: jūng gú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹ gu²
    • Guangdong Romanization: zung¹ gu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kuː³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiong-kó͘
    • Tâi-lô: tiong-kóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diongkor
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³ kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: trjuwng kuX

Rime
Character	中	古
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	陟弓切	公戸切
Baxter	trjuwng	kuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨuŋ/	/kuoX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiuŋ/	/kuoX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiuŋ/	/koX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈuwŋ/	/kɔX/
Li Rong	/ȶiuŋ/	/koX/
Wang Li	/ȶĭuŋ/	/kuX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶi̯uŋ/	/kuoX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōng	gǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung1	gu2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*truŋ  kˤaʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tuŋ  kaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	中	古
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōng	gǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ trjuwng ›	‹ kuX ›
Old Chinese	/*truŋ/	/*kˁaʔ/
English	center	ancient
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	中	古
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	17407	4219
Phonetic component	中	古
Rime group	終	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	中	古
Old Chinese	/*tuŋ/	/*kaːʔ/

Tsiahy

• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 中古 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Anarana

中古

1. Shina sy Kiobà
2. ny Moyen Âge

Fanononana

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhōnggǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹ gu²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiong-kó͘

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhōnggǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhonggǔ
    • Wade–Giles: chung¹-ku³
    • Yale: jūng-gǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jongguu
    • Palladius: чжунгу (čžungu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 中古 鐘鼓 / 钟鼓

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zung¹ gu²
    • Yale: jūng gú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹ gu²
    • Guangdong Romanization: zung¹ gu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kuː³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiong-kó͘
    • Tâi-lô: tiong-kóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diongkor
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³ kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: trjuwng kuX

Rime
Character	中	古
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	陟弓切	公戸切
Baxter	trjuwng	kuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨuŋ/	/kuoX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiuŋ/	/kuoX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiuŋ/	/koX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈuwŋ/	/kɔX/
Li Rong	/ȶiuŋ/	/koX/
Wang Li	/ȶĭuŋ/	/kuX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶi̯uŋ/	/kuoX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōng	gǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung1	gu2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*truŋ  kˤaʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tuŋ  kaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	中	古
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōng	gǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ trjuwng ›	‹ kuX ›
Old Chinese	/*truŋ/	/*kˁaʔ/
English	center	ancient
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	中	古
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	17407	4219
Phonetic component	中	古
Rime group	終	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	中	古
Old Chinese	/*tuŋ/	/*kaːʔ/

Tsiahy

• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 中古 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Anarana iombonana

中古

1. avy amin'ny taonjato faha-3 ka hatramin'ny faha-9

Fanononana

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhōnggǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹ gu²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiong-kó͘

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhōnggǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhonggǔ
    • Wade–Giles: chung¹-ku³
    • Yale: jūng-gǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jongguu
    • Palladius: чжунгу (čžungu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 中古 鐘鼓 / 钟鼓

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zung¹ gu²
    • Yale: jūng gú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹ gu²
    • Guangdong Romanization: zung¹ gu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kuː³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiong-kó͘
    • Tâi-lô: tiong-kóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diongkor
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³ kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: trjuwng kuX

Rime
Character	中	古
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	陟弓切	公戸切
Baxter	trjuwng	kuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨuŋ/	/kuoX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiuŋ/	/kuoX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiuŋ/	/koX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈuwŋ/	/kɔX/
Li Rong	/ȶiuŋ/	/koX/
Wang Li	/ȶĭuŋ/	/kuX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶi̯uŋ/	/kuoX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōng	gǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung1	gu2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*truŋ  kˤaʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tuŋ  kaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	中	古
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōng	gǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ trjuwng ›	‹ kuX ›
Old Chinese	/*truŋ/	/*kˁaʔ/
English	center	ancient
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	中	古
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	17407	4219
Phonetic component	中	古
Rime group	終	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	中	古
Old Chinese	/*tuŋ/	/*kaːʔ/

Tsiahy

• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 中古 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)