勇敢

Koreana

Anarana iombonana

勇敢

1. herim-po
2. lofo

Sinoa

Mpamaritra

勇敢

1. zavatra iray izay sahy, be herim-po, tsy matahotra

Fanononana

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǒnggǎn

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄥˇ ㄍㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jung⁵ gam²

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yúng-kám

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yung³ gam³

• Jin (Wiktionary): yng² gan²
• Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̄ng-*gāng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ióng-kám

  (Teochew, Peng'im): iong² gan²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yon-koe₅
• Xiang (Hengyang, Wiktionary): in³ gan³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǒnggǎn [Phonetic: yónggǎn]
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ ㄍㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǒnggǎn
    • Wade–Giles: yung³-kan³
    • Yale: yǔng-gǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeonggaan
    • Palladius: юнгань (junganʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jung⁵ gam²
    • Yale: yúhng gám
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jung⁵ gam²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yung⁵ gem²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ¹³ kɐm³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng-kám
    • Hakka Romanization System: iung^ˋ gam^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yung³ gam³
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ³¹ kam³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng-kám
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung^ˋ gam^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yung³ gam³
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ³¹ kam³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yung³ gam³
    • Sinological IPA: /iʊŋ³¹ kam³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: yng² gan²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /yŋ⁵³⁻¹¹ kæ̃⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̄ng-*gāng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yŋ³³⁻³⁵ kaŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng-kám
    • Tâi-lô: ióng-kám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iofngkarm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kam⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kam⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kam⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kam⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kam⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: iong² gan²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ióng káⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ioŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ kã⁵²⁻²¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶yon-koe₅
    • MiniDict: yon^去 koe^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhion-koe₂
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦioŋ²² kø⁴⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Hengyang)
    • Wiktionary: in³ gan³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in³³ kan³³/

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• Middle Chinese: yowngX kamX▼

Rime
Character	勇	敢
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	余隴切	古覽切
Baxter	yowngX	kamX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨoŋX/	/kɑmX/
Pan Wuyun	/jioŋX/	/kɑmX/
Shao Rongfen	/ioŋX/	/kɑmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juawŋX/	/kamX/
Li Rong	/ioŋX/	/kɑmX/
Wang Li	/jĭwoŋX/	/kɑmX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯woŋX/	/kɑmX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǒng	gǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung5	gam2

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*loŋʔ  [k]ˤamʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*loŋʔ  klaːmʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勇	敢
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǒng	gǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ yowngX ›	‹ kamX ›
Old Chinese	/*loŋʔ/	/*[k]ˁamʔ/
English	brave	dare
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勇	敢
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	15449	3674
Phonetic component	用	敢
Rime group	東	談
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	勇	敢
Old Chinese	/*loŋʔ/	/*klaːmʔ/
Notes		說文從爪又，古聲，金文從爭甘聲， 此爲隸變

Tsiahy

• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 勇敢 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Japoney

Anarana iombonana

勇敢

1. herim-po

Fanononana

(Tokyo) ゆうかん [yùúkáń] (Heiban – [0]) AAI(lakile): [jɯ̟ːkã̠ɴ]

Tsiahy

• :*
• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 勇敢 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Mpamaritra

勇敢

1. zavatra iray izay be herim-po, be herim-po

Fanononana

(Tokyo) ゆうかん [yùúkáń] (Heiban – [0]) AAI(lakile): [jɯ̟ːkã̠ɴ]

Tsiahy

• :*
• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 勇敢 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)