困難

Sinoa

Anarana iombonana

困難

1. fahasahiranana, fanamby, fahoriana

Fanononana

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kùnnan, kùnnán

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄣˋ ˙ㄋㄢ, ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄋㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kwan³ naan⁴
• Gan (Wiktionary): kun³ lan
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khun-nàn

  (Hailu, HRS): kun^ˇ nan

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kong⁴ nang² / kuong⁴ nang²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khùn-lân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kung³ lang⁵ / kung³ nang⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kùnnan
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣˋ ˙ㄋㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kùnnån
    • Wade–Giles: kʻun⁴-nan⁵
    • Yale: kwùn-nan
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuenn.nan
    • Palladius: куньнань (kunʹnanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kùnnán
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄋㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kùnnán
    • Wade–Giles: kʻun⁴-nan²
    • Yale: kwùn-nán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuennnan
    • Palladius: куньнань (kunʹnanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: kwan³ naan⁴
    • Yale: kwan nàahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwan³ naan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuen³ nan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn³³ naːn²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: kun³ lan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰun²¹³⁻²¹ lan¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khun-nàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: kun nan^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kun⁴ nan²
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰun⁵⁵ nan¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: kun^ˇ nan
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰun¹¹ nan⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: kong⁴ nang²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: keo̍ng-náng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔŋ⁴² naŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: kuong⁴ nang² [Phonetic: kuong¹ nang²]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuoŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ naŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùn-lân
    • Tâi-lô: khùn-lân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quonlaan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ lan²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kung³ lang⁵ / kung³ nang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khùng lâng / khùng nâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ laŋ⁵⁵/, /kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ naŋ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: khwonH nan▼

Rime
Character	困	難
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	苦悶切	那干切
Baxter	khwonH	nan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰuənH/	/nɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰuonH/	/nɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuənH/	/nɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwənH/	/nan/
Li Rong	/kʰuənH/	/nɑn/
Wang Li	/kʰuənH/	/nɑn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰuənH/	/nɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kùn	nán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan3	naan4

Tsiahy

• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 困難 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Mpamaritra

困難

1. zavatra mahantra, mahantra, tsy manana tombontsoa
2. zavatra sarotra, sarotra

Fanononana

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kùnnan, kùnnán

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄣˋ ˙ㄋㄢ, ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄋㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kwan³ naan⁴
• Gan (Wiktionary): kun³ lan
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khun-nàn

  (Hailu, HRS): kun^ˇ nan

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kong⁴ nang² / kuong⁴ nang²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khùn-lân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kung³ lang⁵ / kung³ nang⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kùnnan
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣˋ ˙ㄋㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kùnnån
    • Wade–Giles: kʻun⁴-nan⁵
    • Yale: kwùn-nan
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuenn.nan
    • Palladius: куньнань (kunʹnanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kùnnán
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄋㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kùnnán
    • Wade–Giles: kʻun⁴-nan²
    • Yale: kwùn-nán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuennnan
    • Palladius: куньнань (kunʹnanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: kwan³ naan⁴
    • Yale: kwan nàahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwan³ naan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuen³ nan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn³³ naːn²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: kun³ lan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰun²¹³⁻²¹ lan¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khun-nàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: kun nan^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kun⁴ nan²
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰun⁵⁵ nan¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: kun^ˇ nan
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰun¹¹ nan⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: kong⁴ nang²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: keo̍ng-náng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔŋ⁴² naŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: kuong⁴ nang² [Phonetic: kuong¹ nang²]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuoŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ naŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùn-lân
    • Tâi-lô: khùn-lân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quonlaan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ lan²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kung³ lang⁵ / kung³ nang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khùng lâng / khùng nâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ laŋ⁵⁵/, /kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ naŋ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: khwonH nan▼

Rime
Character	困	難
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	苦悶切	那干切
Baxter	khwonH	nan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰuənH/	/nɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰuonH/	/nɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuənH/	/nɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwənH/	/nan/
Li Rong	/kʰuənH/	/nɑn/
Wang Li	/kʰuənH/	/nɑn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰuənH/	/nɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kùn	nán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan3	naan4

Tsiahy

• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 困難 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Japoney

Anarana iombonana

困難

1. fahasahiranana, olana

Fanononana

(Tokyo) こんなん [kóꜜǹnàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1]) AAI(lakile): [kõ̞nːã̠ɴ]

Tsiahy

• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 困難 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Mpamaritra

困難

1. zavatra sarotra, sarotra

Fanononana

(Tokyo) こんなん [kóꜜǹnàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1]) AAI(lakile): [kõ̞nːã̠ɴ]

Tsiahy

• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 困難 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)