外人

Sinoa

Anarana iombonana

外人

1. tsy mpikambana ao amin'ny fianakaviana
2. vahiny
3. vahiny, tsy fantatra

Fanononana

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wàirén

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄞˋ ㄖㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngoi⁶ jan⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngoi-ngìn

  (Hailu, HRS): ngoi^˖ ngin

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): guei⁵ nang²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gōa-lâng / gōa-lîn / gōa-jîn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wàirén
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ ㄖㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wàirén
    • Wade–Giles: wai⁴-jên²
    • Yale: wài-rén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wayren
    • Palladius: вайжэнь (vajžɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /waɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngoi⁶ jan⁴
    • Yale: ngoih yàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi⁶ jan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngoi⁶ yen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːi̯²² jɐn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngoi-ngìn
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngoi ngin^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngoi⁴ ngin²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋoi̯⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngoi^˖ ngin
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋoi³³ ŋin⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: guei⁵ nang²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gōi-náng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuei¹¹ naŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: guei⁵ nang²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuei²¹ naŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa-lâng
    • Tâi-lô: guā-lâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goaxlaang
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡua⁴¹⁻²² laŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡua³³⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ laŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡua³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa-lîn
    • Tâi-lô: guā-lîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goaxliin
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ lin²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa-jîn
    • Tâi-lô: guā-jîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goaxjiin
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ d͡zin¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: ngwajH nyin▼

Rime
Character	外	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	泰 (26)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	五會切	如鄰切
Baxter	ngwajH	nyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋuɑiH/	/ȵiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷɑiH/	/ȵin/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋuɑiH/	/ȵʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋwajH/	/ȵin/
Li Rong	/ŋuɑiH/	/ȵiĕn/
Wang Li	/ŋuɑiH/	/ȵʑĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋuɑiH/	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wèi	rén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngoi6	jan4

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ʷˤa[t]-s  ni[ŋ]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷaːds  njin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	外	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wài	rén
Middle Chinese	‹ ngwajH ›	‹ nyin ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]ʷˁa[t]-s/	/*ni[ŋ]/
English	outside	(other) person
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	外	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12606	10800
Phonetic component	外	人
Rime group	祭	眞
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	外	仁
Old Chinese	/*ŋʷaːds/	/*njin/

Tsiahy

• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 外人 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Japoney

Anarana iombonana

外人

1. gaijin: vahiny, vahiny, indrindra fa vahiny ao Japana
2. olona fotsy hoditra
3. olona tsy fantatra na tsy fantatra
4. olona tsy fantatra, tsy fantatra

Fanononana

(Tokyo) がいじん [gàíjíń] (Heiban – [0]) AAI(lakile): [ɡa̠iʑĩɴ]

Tsiahy

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• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 外人 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)