影響

Sinoa

Mpamaritra

影響

1. zavatra somary manjavozavo: manjavozavo: tsy mazava: tsy mazava
2. zavatra tsy misy fotony: tsy misy fotony: tsy voaporofo

Fanononana

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǐngxiǎng

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥˇ ㄒㄧㄤˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jing² hoeng²

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yáng-hióng

  (Hailu, HRS): rhang^ˊ hiong^ˊ

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ing³ hyorng³ / ing³ hyoeng³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): éng-hióng / éng-hiáng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ian² hiang²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵in-shian₅

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǐngxiǎng [Phonetic: yíngxiǎng]
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄥˇ ㄒㄧㄤˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǐngsiǎng
    • Wade–Giles: ying³-hsiang³
    • Yale: yǐng-syǎng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiingsheang
    • Palladius: инсян (insjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jing² hoeng²
    • Yale: yíng héung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jing² hoeng²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ying² hêng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ³⁵ hœːŋ³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yáng-hióng
    • Hakka Romanization System: iang^ˋ hiong^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yang³ hiong³
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯aŋ³¹ hi̯oŋ³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yáng-hióng
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iang^ˋ hiong^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yang³ hiong³
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯aŋ³¹ hi̯oŋ³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: rhang^ˊ hiong^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /ʒaŋ²⁴⁻³³ hioŋ²⁴/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ing³ hyorng³ [Phonetic: ing⁵ hyorng³]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: îng-hiô̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ hyɒŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ing³ hyoeng³ [Phonetic: ing⁵ hyoeng³]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ³³²⁻²¹ hyøŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: éng-hióng
    • Tâi-lô: íng-hióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: efnghiorng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiɔŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: éng-hiáng
    • Tâi-lô: íng-hiáng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: efnghiarng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiaŋ⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ian² hiang²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iáⁿ hiáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ĩã⁵²⁻³⁵ hiaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵in-shian₅
    • MiniDict: in^去 shian^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²in-xian₂
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /in³³ ɕiã⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'jaengX xjangX

Rime
Character	影	響
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於丙切	許兩切
Baxter	'jaengX	xjangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiæŋX/	/hɨɐŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚiaŋX/	/hiɐŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiaŋX/	/xiɑŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔiajŋX/	/hɨaŋX/
Li Rong	/ʔiɐŋX/	/xiaŋX/
Wang Li	/ĭɐŋX/	/xĭaŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɐŋX/	/xi̯aŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǐng	xiǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing2	hoeng2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qraŋʔ  qʰaŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qraŋʔ  qʰaŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	影	響
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǐng	xiǎng
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjængX ›	‹ xjangX ›
Old Chinese	/*qraŋʔ/	/*qʰaŋʔ/
English	shadow (n.)	echo
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	影	響
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6837	13599
Phonetic component	京	鄉
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	影	響
Old Chinese	/*qraŋʔ/	/*qʰaŋʔ/
Notes	古作景，顏之推說葛洪字苑始加彡

Tsiahy

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Anarana iombonana

影響

1. aloka sy ako
2. fahatsapana: endriky ny sary: hevitra marimaritra iraisana
3. misy fiantraikany: vokany: fanakorontanana
4. ny aloka sy ny tabataba
5. soritra: soritra
6. vaovao: vaovao: vaovao

Fanononana

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǐngxiǎng

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥˇ ㄒㄧㄤˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jing² hoeng²

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yáng-hióng

  (Hailu, HRS): rhang^ˊ hiong^ˊ

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ing³ hyorng³ / ing³ hyoeng³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): éng-hióng / éng-hiáng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ian² hiang²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵in-shian₅

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǐngxiǎng [Phonetic: yíngxiǎng]
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄥˇ ㄒㄧㄤˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǐngsiǎng
    • Wade–Giles: ying³-hsiang³
    • Yale: yǐng-syǎng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiingsheang
    • Palladius: инсян (insjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jing² hoeng²
    • Yale: yíng héung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jing² hoeng²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ying² hêng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ³⁵ hœːŋ³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yáng-hióng
    • Hakka Romanization System: iang^ˋ hiong^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yang³ hiong³
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯aŋ³¹ hi̯oŋ³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yáng-hióng
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iang^ˋ hiong^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yang³ hiong³
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯aŋ³¹ hi̯oŋ³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: rhang^ˊ hiong^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /ʒaŋ²⁴⁻³³ hioŋ²⁴/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ing³ hyorng³ [Phonetic: ing⁵ hyorng³]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: îng-hiô̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ hyɒŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ing³ hyoeng³ [Phonetic: ing⁵ hyoeng³]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ³³²⁻²¹ hyøŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: éng-hióng
    • Tâi-lô: íng-hióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: efnghiorng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiɔŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: éng-hiáng
    • Tâi-lô: íng-hiáng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: efnghiarng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiaŋ⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ian² hiang²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iáⁿ hiáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ĩã⁵²⁻³⁵ hiaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵in-shian₅
    • MiniDict: in^去 shian^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²in-xian₂
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /in³³ ɕiã⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'jaengX xjangX

Rime
Character	影	響
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於丙切	許兩切
Baxter	'jaengX	xjangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiæŋX/	/hɨɐŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚiaŋX/	/hiɐŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiaŋX/	/xiɑŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔiajŋX/	/hɨaŋX/
Li Rong	/ʔiɐŋX/	/xiaŋX/
Wang Li	/ĭɐŋX/	/xĭaŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɐŋX/	/xi̯aŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǐng	xiǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing2	hoeng2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qraŋʔ  qʰaŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qraŋʔ  qʰaŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	影	響
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǐng	xiǎng
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjængX ›	‹ xjangX ›
Old Chinese	/*qraŋʔ/	/*qʰaŋʔ/
English	shadow (n.)	echo
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	影	響
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6837	13599
Phonetic component	京	鄉
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	影	響
Old Chinese	/*qraŋʔ/	/*qʰaŋʔ/
Notes	古作景，顏之推說葛洪字苑始加彡

Tsiahy

• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 影響 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Matoanteny

影響

1. maka tahaka
2. mamaly na manaraka haingana
3. manakaiky
4. mandrindra
5. misy fiantraikany amin'ny: manohintohina: mahakasika: manelingelina

Fanononana

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǐngxiǎng

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥˇ ㄒㄧㄤˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jing² hoeng²

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yáng-hióng

  (Hailu, HRS): rhang^ˊ hiong^ˊ

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ing³ hyorng³ / ing³ hyoeng³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): éng-hióng / éng-hiáng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ian² hiang²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵in-shian₅

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǐngxiǎng [Phonetic: yíngxiǎng]
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄥˇ ㄒㄧㄤˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǐngsiǎng
    • Wade–Giles: ying³-hsiang³
    • Yale: yǐng-syǎng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiingsheang
    • Palladius: инсян (insjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jing² hoeng²
    • Yale: yíng héung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jing² hoeng²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ying² hêng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ³⁵ hœːŋ³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yáng-hióng
    • Hakka Romanization System: iang^ˋ hiong^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yang³ hiong³
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯aŋ³¹ hi̯oŋ³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yáng-hióng
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iang^ˋ hiong^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yang³ hiong³
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯aŋ³¹ hi̯oŋ³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: rhang^ˊ hiong^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /ʒaŋ²⁴⁻³³ hioŋ²⁴/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ing³ hyorng³ [Phonetic: ing⁵ hyorng³]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: îng-hiô̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ hyɒŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ing³ hyoeng³ [Phonetic: ing⁵ hyoeng³]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ³³²⁻²¹ hyøŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: éng-hióng
    • Tâi-lô: íng-hióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: efnghiorng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiɔŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: éng-hiáng
    • Tâi-lô: íng-hiáng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: efnghiarng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiaŋ⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ian² hiang²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iáⁿ hiáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ĩã⁵²⁻³⁵ hiaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵in-shian₅
    • MiniDict: in^去 shian^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²in-xian₂
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /in³³ ɕiã⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'jaengX xjangX

Rime
Character	影	響
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於丙切	許兩切
Baxter	'jaengX	xjangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiæŋX/	/hɨɐŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚiaŋX/	/hiɐŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiaŋX/	/xiɑŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔiajŋX/	/hɨaŋX/
Li Rong	/ʔiɐŋX/	/xiaŋX/
Wang Li	/ĭɐŋX/	/xĭaŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɐŋX/	/xi̯aŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǐng	xiǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing2	hoeng2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qraŋʔ  qʰaŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qraŋʔ  qʰaŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	影	響
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǐng	xiǎng
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjængX ›	‹ xjangX ›
Old Chinese	/*qraŋʔ/	/*qʰaŋʔ/
English	shadow (n.)	echo
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	影	響
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6837	13599
Phonetic component	京	鄉
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	影	響
Old Chinese	/*qraŋʔ/	/*qʰaŋʔ/
Notes	古作景，顏之推說葛洪字苑始加彡

Tsiahy

• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 影響 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Japoney

Matoanteny

影響 (intrans)

1. mitaona, misy fiantraikany amin'ny

Fanononana

(Tokyo) えーきょー [èékyóó] (Heiban – [0]) AAI(lakile): [e̞ːkʲo̞ː]

Tsiahy

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 影響 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Anarana iombonana

影響 (intrans)

1. misy fiantraikany, vokany

Fanononana

(Tokyo) えーきょー [èékyóó] (Heiban – [0]) AAI(lakile): [e̞ːkʲo̞ː]

Tsiahy

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 影響 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)