討論

Sinoa

Matoanteny

討論

1. manitsy amin'ny fomba mitsikera
2. mianatra
3. miresaka

Fanononana

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tǎolùn

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄠˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tou² leon⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thó-lun
• Eastern Min (BUC): tō̤-lâung
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thó-lūn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): to² lung⁶

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁵thau-len / ¹thau₃-len₆

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tǎolùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tǎolùn
    • Wade–Giles: tʻao³-lun⁴
    • Yale: tǎu-lwùn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taoluenn
    • Palladius: таолунь (taolunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tou² leon⁶
    • Yale: tóu leuhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tou² loen⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: tou² lên⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou̯³⁵ lɵn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thó-lun
    • Hakka Romanization System: to^ˋ lun
    • Hagfa Pinyim: to³ lun⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰo³¹ lun⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tō̤-lâung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰo³³⁻⁵⁵ l̃ɑuŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thó-lūn
    • Tâi-lô: thó-lūn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: toylun
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: to² lung⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thó lŭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰo⁵²⁻³⁵ luŋ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵thau-len
    • MiniDict: thau^去 len
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²thau-len
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰɔ³³ lən⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ¹thau₃-len₆
    • MiniDict: thau^上 len^去
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /tʰæ⁴⁴ lən/

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• Middle Chinese: thawX lwon|lwonH

Rime
Character	討	論	論
Reading #	1/1	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	魂 (55)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I	I
Fanqie	他浩切	盧昆切	盧困切
Baxter	thawX	lwon	lwonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑuX/	/luən/	/luənH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑuX/	/luon/	/luonH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑuX/	/luən/	/luənH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰawX/	/lwən/	/lwənH/
Li Rong	/tʰɑuX/	/luən/	/luənH/
Wang Li	/tʰɑuX/	/luən/	/luənH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰɑuX/	/luən/	/luənH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tǎo	lún	lùn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tou2	leon4	leon6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ʰˤuʔ  [r]ˤu[n]|[r]ˤu[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰuːʔ  ruːn|ruːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	討	論	論
Reading #	1/1	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tǎo	lún	lùn
Middle Chinese	‹ thawX ›	‹ lwon ›	‹ lwonH ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]ʰˁuʔ/	/*[r]ˁu[n]/	/*[r]ˁu[n]-s/
English	examine; denounce	discuss, examine	discussion, discourse
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	討	論	論
Reading #	1/1	1/3	2/3
No.	12374	8649	8656
Phonetic component	討	侖	侖
Rime group	幽	文	文
Rime subdivision	1	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	討	論	論
Old Chinese	/*tʰuːʔ/	/*ruːn/	/*ruːns/
Notes	疑肘聲

Tsiahy

• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 討論 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Japoney

Matoanteny

討論

1. miady hevitra
2. miresaka

Fanononana

(Tokyo) とーろん [tóꜜòròǹ] (Atamadaka – [1]) IPA(key): [to̞ːɾõ̞ɴ]

Tsiahy

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 討論 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Anarana iombonana

討論

1. adihevitra
2. resaka

Fanononana

(Tokyo) とーろん [tóꜜòròǹ] (Atamadaka – [1]) IPA(key): [to̞ːɾõ̞ɴ]

Tsiahy

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 討論 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)