民主

Sinoa

Mpamaritra

民主

zavatra iray izay demokratika

Fanononana

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mínzhǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): man⁴ zyu²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): min³ zi²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): mìn-chú

(Hailu, HRS): min zhu^ˊ

(Meixian, Guangdong): min² zu³
Eastern Min (BUC): mìng-ciō
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bîn-chú

(Teochew, Peng'im): ming⁵ zu²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶min-tsy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mínzhǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mínjhǔ
  - Wade–Giles: min²-chu³
  - Yale: mín-jǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: minjuu
  - Palladius: миньчжу (minʹčžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: man⁴ zyu²
  - Yale: màhn jyú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: man⁴ dzy²
  - Guangdong Romanization: men⁴ ju²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: min³ zi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbin²² t͡si⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mìn-chú
  - Hakka Romanization System: min^ˇ zu^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: min² zu³
  - Sinological IPA: /min¹¹ t͡su³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: min zhu^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /min⁵⁵ t͡ʃu²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: min² zu³
  - Sinological IPA: /min¹¹ t͡su³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mìng-ciō
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^(t͡s-)ʒuo³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bîn-chú
  - Tâi-lô: bîn-tsú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: binzuo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bin¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ming⁵ zu²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mîng tsú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶min-tsy
  - MiniDict: min^去 tsy
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³min-tsr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /min²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: mjin tsyuX▼

Rime
Character	民	主
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	彌鄰切	之庾切
Baxter	mjin	tsyuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miɪn/	/t͡ɕɨo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/min/	/t͡ɕio^X/
Shao Rongfen	/mjen/	/t͡ɕio^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/min/	/cuə̆^X/
Li Rong	/miĕn/	/t͡ɕio^X/
Wang Li	/mĭĕn/	/t͡ɕĭu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯ĕn/	/t͡ɕi̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mín	zhǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	man⁴	zyu²

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mi[ŋ] toʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*min tjoʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	民	主
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mín	zhǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ mjin ›	‹ tsyu^X ›
Old Chinese	/*mi[ŋ]/	/*toʔ/
English	people	master; host
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	民	主
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9130	17618
Phonetic component	民	主
Rime group	眞	侯
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	民	主
Old Chinese	/*min/	/*tjoʔ/

Tsiahy

Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 民主 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Anarana iombonana

民主

Fanononana

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mínzhǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): man⁴ zyu²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): min³ zi²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): mìn-chú

(Hailu, HRS): min zhu^ˊ

(Meixian, Guangdong): min² zu³
Eastern Min (BUC): mìng-ciō
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bîn-chú

(Teochew, Peng'im): ming⁵ zu²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶min-tsy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mínzhǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mínjhǔ
  - Wade–Giles: min²-chu³
  - Yale: mín-jǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: minjuu
  - Palladius: миньчжу (minʹčžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: man⁴ zyu²
  - Yale: màhn jyú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: man⁴ dzy²
  - Guangdong Romanization: men⁴ ju²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: min³ zi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbin²² t͡si⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mìn-chú
  - Hakka Romanization System: min^ˇ zu^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: min² zu³
  - Sinological IPA: /min¹¹ t͡su³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: min zhu^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /min⁵⁵ t͡ʃu²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: min² zu³
  - Sinological IPA: /min¹¹ t͡su³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mìng-ciō
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^(t͡s-)ʒuo³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bîn-chú
  - Tâi-lô: bîn-tsú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: binzuo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bin¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ming⁵ zu²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mîng tsú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶min-tsy
  - MiniDict: min^去 tsy
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³min-tsr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /min²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: mjin tsyuX▼

Rime
Character	民	主
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	彌鄰切	之庾切
Baxter	mjin	tsyuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miɪn/	/t͡ɕɨo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/min/	/t͡ɕio^X/
Shao Rongfen	/mjen/	/t͡ɕio^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/min/	/cuə̆^X/
Li Rong	/miĕn/	/t͡ɕio^X/
Wang Li	/mĭĕn/	/t͡ɕĭu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯ĕn/	/t͡ɕi̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mín	zhǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	man⁴	zyu²

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mi[ŋ] toʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*min tjoʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	民	主
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mín	zhǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ mjin ›	‹ tsyu^X ›
Old Chinese	/*mi[ŋ]/	/*toʔ/
English	people	master; host
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	民	主
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9130	17618
Phonetic component	民	主
Rime group	眞	侯
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	民	主
Old Chinese	/*min/	/*tjoʔ/

Tsiahy

Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 民主 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Japoney

Anarana iombonana

民主

demokrasia

Fanononana

(Tokyo) みんしゅ `[míꜜǹshù]` (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2] (Tokyo) みんしゅ `[mìńshú]` (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2] AAI^(lakile): [mʲĩɰ̃ɕɨ]

Tsiahy

:* Erreur de script : la fonction « call_template » n’existe pas.
Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 民主 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[DJR-1] 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[1]

[2]