研究

Sinoa

Anarana iombonana

研究

1. fikarohana

Fanononana

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yánjiū, yánjiù

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ, ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): янҗю (i͡anži͡u, I-I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jin⁴ gau³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngiên-kiu / ngiân-kiu

  (Hailu, HRS): ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngan¹ giu¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): ngiĕng-géu
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ngieng² giu⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gián-kiù

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngiêng⁵ giu³ / ngiang⁵ giu³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹gni-cieu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yánjiū → yánjiu (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ → ㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄐㄧㄡ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yánjio̊u
    • Wade–Giles: yen²-chiu⁵
    • Yale: yán-jyou
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan.jiou
    • Palladius: яньцзю (janʹczju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/ → /jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yánjiù
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yánjiòu
    • Wade–Giles: yen²-chiu⁴
    • Yale: yán-jyòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yanjiow
    • Palladius: яньцзю (janʹczju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: янҗю (i͡anži͡u, I-I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jin⁴ gau³
    • Yale: yìhn gau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁴ gau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: yin⁴ geo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiên-kiu
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngien^ˊ giu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngian¹ giu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiân-kiu
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngian^ˊ giu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngian¹ giu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋan⁵³ kiu¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngan¹ giu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiĕng-géu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(k-)ŋiɛu²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ngieng² giu⁴ [Phonetic: ngieng¹ giu⁴]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ngiáng-giu̍
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ngieng² giu⁴ [Phonetic: ngieng¹ giu⁴]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gián-kiù
    • Tâi-lô: gián-kiù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giefnkiux
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngiêng⁵ giu³ / ngiang⁵ giu³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngiêng kiù / ngiâng kiù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/, /ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/

Note:

• ngiêng5 giu3 - Chaozhou;
• ngiang5 giu3 - Shantou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹gni-cieu
    • MiniDict: nyi^平 cieu
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹'nyi-jieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: ngenH kjuwH

Rime
Character	研	究
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	吾甸切	居祐切
Baxter	ngenH	kjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋenH/	/kɨuH/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋenH/	/kiuH/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɛnH/	/kiəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɛnH/	/kuwH/
Li Rong	/ŋenH/	/kiuH/
Wang Li	/ŋienH/	/kĭəuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋienH/	/ki̯ə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yàn	jiù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin6	gau3

Famakiana fanampiny

Tsiahy

• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 研究 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Matoanteny

研究

1. manao fikarohana
2. mandinika tsara

Fanononana

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yánjiū, yánjiù

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ, ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): янҗю (i͡anži͡u, I-I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jin⁴ gau³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngiên-kiu / ngiân-kiu

  (Hailu, HRS): ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngan¹ giu¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): ngiĕng-géu
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ngieng² giu⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gián-kiù

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngiêng⁵ giu³ / ngiang⁵ giu³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹gni-cieu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yánjiū → yánjiu (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ → ㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄐㄧㄡ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yánjio̊u
    • Wade–Giles: yen²-chiu⁵
    • Yale: yán-jyou
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan.jiou
    • Palladius: яньцзю (janʹczju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/ → /jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yánjiù
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yánjiòu
    • Wade–Giles: yen²-chiu⁴
    • Yale: yán-jyòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yanjiow
    • Palladius: яньцзю (janʹczju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: янҗю (i͡anži͡u, I-I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jin⁴ gau³
    • Yale: yìhn gau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁴ gau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: yin⁴ geo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiên-kiu
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngien^ˊ giu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngian¹ giu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiân-kiu
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngian^ˊ giu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngian¹ giu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋan⁵³ kiu¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngan¹ giu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiĕng-géu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(k-)ŋiɛu²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ngieng² giu⁴ [Phonetic: ngieng¹ giu⁴]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ngiáng-giu̍
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ngieng² giu⁴ [Phonetic: ngieng¹ giu⁴]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gián-kiù
    • Tâi-lô: gián-kiù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giefnkiux
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngiêng⁵ giu³ / ngiang⁵ giu³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngiêng kiù / ngiâng kiù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/, /ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/

Note:

• ngiêng5 giu3 - Chaozhou;
• ngiang5 giu3 - Shantou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹gni-cieu
    • MiniDict: nyi^平 cieu
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹'nyi-jieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: ngenH kjuwH

Rime
Character	研	究
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	吾甸切	居祐切
Baxter	ngenH	kjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋenH/	/kɨuH/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋenH/	/kiuH/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɛnH/	/kiəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɛnH/	/kuwH/
Li Rong	/ŋenH/	/kiuH/
Wang Li	/ŋienH/	/kĭəuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋienH/	/ki̯ə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yàn	jiù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin6	gau3

Famakiana fanampiny

Tsiahy

• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 研究 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Japoney

Matoanteny

研究

1. mikaroka sy mianatra

Fanononana

(Tokyo) けんきゅう [kèńkyúú] (Heiban – [0]) AAI(lakile): [kẽ̞ŋʲkʲɨː]

Tsiahy

•  :* 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
•  :* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 研究 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Anarana iombonana

研究

1. ampahany amin'ny fikarohana, fandalinana, fanadihadiana

Fanononana

(Tokyo) けんきゅう [kèńkyúú] (Heiban – [0]) AAI(lakile): [kẽ̞ŋʲkʲɨː]

Tsiahy

•  :* 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
•  :* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 研究 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)