誓言

Sinoa

Matoanteny

誓言

mianiana amin'ny: manao voady amin'ny: manao fianianana amin'ny

Fanononana

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shìyán

(Zhuyin): ㄕˋ ㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sai⁶ jin⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ-ngièn / sṳ-ngiàn
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sē-giân / sè-giân / sī-gân

(Teochew, Peng'im): si⁷ ngang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shìyán
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˋ ㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shìhyán
  - Wade–Giles: shih⁴-yen²
  - Yale: shr̀-yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyhyan
  - Palladius: шиянь (šijanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sai⁶ jin⁴
  - Yale: saih yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sai⁶ jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sei⁶ yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐi̯²² jiːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ-ngièn
  - Hakka Romanization System: sii ngien^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: si⁴ ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵ ŋi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ-ngiàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: sii ngian^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: si⁴ ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵ ŋi̯an¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sē-giân
  - Tâi-lô: sē-giân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sexgieen
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /se⁴¹⁻²² ɡiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /se²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /se³³⁻²¹ ɡiɛn²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /se³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sè-giân
  - Tâi-lô: sè-giân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sea'gieen
  - IPA (Xiamen): /se²¹⁻⁵³ ɡiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /se¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /se²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡiɛn²³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sī-gân
  - Tâi-lô: sī-gân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sixgaan
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /si²²⁻²¹ ɡan¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: si⁷ ngang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sī ngâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si¹¹ ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: dzyejH ngjon

Rime
Character	誓	言
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	時制切	語軒切
Baxter	dzyejH	ngjon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇi^H/	/ŋɨɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛi^H/	/ŋiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjæi^H/	/ŋiɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiaj^H/	/ŋɨan/
Li Rong	/ʑiɛi^H/	/ŋiɐn/
Wang Li	/ʑĭɛi^H/	/ŋĭɐn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ɛi^H/	/ŋɨ̯ɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shì	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sai⁶	jin⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d][a]t-s ŋa[n]|ŋa[r]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɦljeds ŋan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	誓	言	言	言	言
Reading #	1/1	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shì	yán	yán	yán	yán
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyej^H ›	‹ ngjon ›	‹ ngjon ›	‹ ngjon ›	‹ ngjon ›
Old Chinese	/*[d][a]t-s/	/*ŋa[n]/	/*ŋa[n]/	/*ŋa[n]/	/*ŋa[r]/
English	swear	(a particle)	I, we	speak; speech	tall
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	誓	言
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	16934	14271
Phonetic component	折	言
Rime group	祭	元
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	逝	言
Old Chinese	/*ɦljeds/	/*ŋan/

Tsiahy

Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 誓言 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Anarana iombonana

誓言

fianianana: toky: voady

Fanononana

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shìyán

(Zhuyin): ㄕˋ ㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sai⁶ jin⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ-ngièn / sṳ-ngiàn
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sē-giân / sè-giân / sī-gân

(Teochew, Peng'im): si⁷ ngang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shìyán
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˋ ㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shìhyán
  - Wade–Giles: shih⁴-yen²
  - Yale: shr̀-yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyhyan
  - Palladius: шиянь (šijanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sai⁶ jin⁴
  - Yale: saih yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sai⁶ jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sei⁶ yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐi̯²² jiːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ-ngièn
  - Hakka Romanization System: sii ngien^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: si⁴ ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵ ŋi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ-ngiàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: sii ngian^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: si⁴ ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵ ŋi̯an¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sē-giân
  - Tâi-lô: sē-giân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sexgieen
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /se⁴¹⁻²² ɡiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /se²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /se³³⁻²¹ ɡiɛn²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /se³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sè-giân
  - Tâi-lô: sè-giân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sea'gieen
  - IPA (Xiamen): /se²¹⁻⁵³ ɡiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /se¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /se²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡiɛn²³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sī-gân
  - Tâi-lô: sī-gân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sixgaan
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /si²²⁻²¹ ɡan¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: si⁷ ngang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sī ngâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si¹¹ ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: dzyejH ngjon

Rime
Character	誓	言
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	時制切	語軒切
Baxter	dzyejH	ngjon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇi^H/	/ŋɨɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛi^H/	/ŋiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjæi^H/	/ŋiɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiaj^H/	/ŋɨan/
Li Rong	/ʑiɛi^H/	/ŋiɐn/
Wang Li	/ʑĭɛi^H/	/ŋĭɐn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ɛi^H/	/ŋɨ̯ɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shì	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sai⁶	jin⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d][a]t-s ŋa[n]|ŋa[r]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɦljeds ŋan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	誓	言	言	言	言
Reading #	1/1	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shì	yán	yán	yán	yán
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyej^H ›	‹ ngjon ›	‹ ngjon ›	‹ ngjon ›	‹ ngjon ›
Old Chinese	/*[d][a]t-s/	/*ŋa[n]/	/*ŋa[n]/	/*ŋa[n]/	/*ŋa[r]/
English	swear	(a particle)	I, we	speak; speech	tall
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	誓	言
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	16934	14271
Phonetic component	折	言
Rime group	祭	元
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	逝	言
Old Chinese	/*ɦljeds/	/*ŋan/

Tsiahy

Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 誓言 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Japoney

Matoanteny

誓言

mianiana amin'ny: manao voady amin'ny: manao fianianana amin'ny

Fanononana

(Tokyo) せーげん `[sèégéń]` (Heiban – [0])^[1] AAI^(lakile): [se̞ːɡẽ̞ɴ]

Tsiahy

Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 誓言 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Anarana iombonana

誓言

fianianana: toky: voady

Fanononana

(Tokyo) せーげん `[sèégéń]` (Heiban – [0])^[1] AAI^(lakile): [se̞ːɡẽ̞ɴ]

Tsiahy

Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 誓言 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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