過去

Sinoa

Matoanteny

過去

Efa nisy
mandalo
maty

Fanononana

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): guòqù

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄑㄩˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуәчи (guəči, III-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwo³ heoi³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ko-hi
Eastern Min (BUC): guó-kó̤
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kè-khì / kèr-khìr / kòe-khì / kè-khù

(Teochew, Peng'im): guê³ ke³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ku-chi; ⁵ku-chiu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guòqù
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄑㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guòcyù
  - Wade–Giles: kuo⁴-chʻü⁴
  - Yale: gwò-chyù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guohchiuh
  - Palladius: гоцюй (gocjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуәчи (guəči, III-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuə⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwo³ heoi³
  - Yale: gwo heui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwo³ hoey³
  - Guangdong Romanization: guo³ hêu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɔː³³ hɵy̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ko-hi
  - Hakka Romanization System: go hi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: go⁴ hi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ko⁵⁵ hi⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: guó-kó̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuo²¹³⁻⁵³ ^(kʰ-)ɔ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè-khì
  - Tâi-lô: kè-khì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kea'qix
  - IPA (Taipei): /ke¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰi¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ke²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèr-khìr
  - Tâi-lô: kèr-khìr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɯ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Lukang): /kə³¹⁻⁵³ kʰɨ³¹/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /kə¹²⁻⁵³ kʰɯ¹²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòe-khì
  - Tâi-lô: kuè-khì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koea'qix
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Tainan, Yilan): /kue²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kue²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰi²¹/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè-khù
  - Tâi-lô: kè-khù
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kea'qux
  - IPA (Taipei): /ke¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰu¹¹/

Note:

Erreur de script :
- la fonction « link » n’existe pas. is toneless for verb sense.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: guê³ ke³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuè khṳ̀
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰɯ²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ku-chi; ⁵ku-chiu
  - MiniDict: ku^去 chi; ku^去 chiu
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ku-qi; ²ku-qy
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku³³ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/, /ku³³ t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/

Note: ⁵ku-chiu is employed for the noun sense, and ⁵ku-chi the verb..

Middle Chinese: kwaH khjoH▼

Rime
Character	過	去
Reading #	2/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古卧切	丘倨切
Baxter	kwaH	khjoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑ^H/	/kʰɨʌ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kuɑ^H/	/kʰiɔ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑ^H/	/kʰiɔ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwa^H/	/kʰɨə̆^H/
Li Rong	/kuɑ^H/	/kʰiɔ^H/
Wang Li	/kuɑ^H/	/kʰĭo^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuɑ^H/	/kʰi̯wo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guò	qù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwo³	heoi³

Tsiahy

Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 過去 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Anarana iombonana

過去

lasa

Fanononana

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): guòqù

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄑㄩˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуәчи (guəči, III-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwo³ heoi³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ko-hi
Eastern Min (BUC): guó-kó̤
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kè-khì / kèr-khìr / kòe-khì / kè-khù

(Teochew, Peng'im): guê³ ke³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ku-chi; ⁵ku-chiu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guòqù
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄑㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guòcyù
  - Wade–Giles: kuo⁴-chʻü⁴
  - Yale: gwò-chyù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guohchiuh
  - Palladius: гоцюй (gocjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуәчи (guəči, III-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuə⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwo³ heoi³
  - Yale: gwo heui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwo³ hoey³
  - Guangdong Romanization: guo³ hêu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɔː³³ hɵy̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ko-hi
  - Hakka Romanization System: go hi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: go⁴ hi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ko⁵⁵ hi⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: guó-kó̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuo²¹³⁻⁵³ ^(kʰ-)ɔ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè-khì
  - Tâi-lô: kè-khì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kea'qix
  - IPA (Taipei): /ke¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰi¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ke²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèr-khìr
  - Tâi-lô: kèr-khìr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɯ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Lukang): /kə³¹⁻⁵³ kʰɨ³¹/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /kə¹²⁻⁵³ kʰɯ¹²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòe-khì
  - Tâi-lô: kuè-khì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koea'qix
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Tainan, Yilan): /kue²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kue²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰi²¹/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè-khù
  - Tâi-lô: kè-khù
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kea'qux
  - IPA (Taipei): /ke¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰu¹¹/

Note:

Erreur de script :
- la fonction « link » n’existe pas. is toneless for verb sense.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: guê³ ke³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuè khṳ̀
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰɯ²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ku-chi; ⁵ku-chiu
  - MiniDict: ku^去 chi; ku^去 chiu
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ku-qi; ²ku-qy
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku³³ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/, /ku³³ t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/

Note: ⁵ku-chiu is employed for the noun sense, and ⁵ku-chi the verb..

Middle Chinese: kwaH khjoH▼

Rime
Character	過	去
Reading #	2/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古卧切	丘倨切
Baxter	kwaH	khjoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑ^H/	/kʰɨʌ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kuɑ^H/	/kʰiɔ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑ^H/	/kʰiɔ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwa^H/	/kʰɨə̆^H/
Li Rong	/kuɑ^H/	/kʰiɔ^H/
Wang Li	/kuɑ^H/	/kʰĭo^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuɑ^H/	/kʰi̯wo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guò	qù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwo³	heoi³

Tsiahy

Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 過去 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Japoney

Anarana iombonana

過去

lasa

Fanononana

(Tokyo) かこ `[káꜜkò]` (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]^[3] AAI^(lakile): [ka̠ko̞]

Tsiahy

:* Erreur de script : la fonction « call_template » n’existe pas.
Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 過去 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-2] 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]