交通

Koreana

Anarana iombonana

交通

1. fifamoivoizana

Vietnamiana

Anarana iombonana

交通

1. fifamoivoizana

Sinoa

Matoanteny

交通

1. miara-miombon'antoka amin'ny
2. mifandray amin'ny
3. mifandray, afaka mifandray amin'ny

Fanononana

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiāotōng

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ ㄊㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaau¹ tung¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kâu-thûng

  (Hailu, HRS): gau^ˋ tung^ˋ

• Eastern Min (BUC): gău-tŭng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gao¹ torng¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kau-thong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gao¹ tong¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ciau-thon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiāotōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ ㄊㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiaotong
    • Wade–Giles: chiao¹-tʻung¹
    • Yale: jyāu-tūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiautong
    • Palladius: цзяотун (czjaotun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gaau¹ tung¹
    • Yale: gāau tūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaau¹ tung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gao¹ tung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːu̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâu-thûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: gau^ˊ tung^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gau¹ tung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kau̯²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: gau^ˋ tung^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /kau⁵³ tʰuŋ⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gău-tŭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau⁵⁵ ^(tʰ-)luŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gao¹ torng¹ [Phonetic: gao⁵ torng¹]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gau-to̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau⁵³³⁻¹¹ tʰɒŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gao¹ torng¹ [Phonetic: gao⁵ torng¹]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ tʰɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kau-thong
    • Tâi-lô: kau-thong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kau'tofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kau³³ tʰɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gao¹ tong¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kau thong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau³³⁻²³ tʰoŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹ciau-thon
    • MiniDict: ciau^平 thon
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jiau-thon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ tʰoŋ²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: kaew thuwng▼

Rime
Character	交	通
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	古肴切	他紅切
Baxter	kaew	thuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠau/	/tʰuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚau/	/tʰuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kau/	/tʰuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨw/	/tʰəwŋ/
Li Rong	/kau/	/tʰuŋ/
Wang Li	/kau/	/tʰuŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kau/	/tʰuŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāo	tōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaau1	tung1

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤraw  l̥ˤoŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kreːw  l̥ʰoːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	交	通
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiāo	tōng
Middle Chinese	‹ kæw ›	‹ thuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁraw/	/*l̥ˁoŋ/
English	cross (v.)	penetrate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	交	通
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6296	15428
Phonetic component	交	用
Rime group	宵	東
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	交	通
Old Chinese	/*kreːw/	/*l̥ʰoːŋ/

Tsiahy

• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 交通 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Anarana iombonana

交通

1. fifandraisana
2. fitaterana, fifamoivoizana
3. olona mifandray amin'ny hafa

Fanononana

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiāotōng

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ ㄊㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaau¹ tung¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kâu-thûng

  (Hailu, HRS): gau^ˋ tung^ˋ

• Eastern Min (BUC): gău-tŭng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gao¹ torng¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kau-thong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gao¹ tong¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ciau-thon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiāotōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ ㄊㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiaotong
    • Wade–Giles: chiao¹-tʻung¹
    • Yale: jyāu-tūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiautong
    • Palladius: цзяотун (czjaotun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gaau¹ tung¹
    • Yale: gāau tūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaau¹ tung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gao¹ tung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːu̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâu-thûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: gau^ˊ tung^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gau¹ tung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kau̯²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuŋ²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: gau^ˋ tung^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /kau⁵³ tʰuŋ⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gău-tŭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau⁵⁵ ^(tʰ-)luŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gao¹ torng¹ [Phonetic: gao⁵ torng¹]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gau-to̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau⁵³³⁻¹¹ tʰɒŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gao¹ torng¹ [Phonetic: gao⁵ torng¹]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ tʰɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kau-thong
    • Tâi-lô: kau-thong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kau'tofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kau³³ tʰɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gao¹ tong¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kau thong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau³³⁻²³ tʰoŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹ciau-thon
    • MiniDict: ciau^平 thon
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jiau-thon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ tʰoŋ²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: kaew thuwng▼

Rime
Character	交	通
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	古肴切	他紅切
Baxter	kaew	thuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠau/	/tʰuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚau/	/tʰuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kau/	/tʰuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨw/	/tʰəwŋ/
Li Rong	/kau/	/tʰuŋ/
Wang Li	/kau/	/tʰuŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kau/	/tʰuŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāo	tōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaau1	tung1

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤraw  l̥ˤoŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kreːw  l̥ʰoːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	交	通
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiāo	tōng
Middle Chinese	‹ kæw ›	‹ thuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁraw/	/*l̥ˁoŋ/
English	cross (v.)	penetrate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	交	通
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6296	15428
Phonetic component	交	用
Rime group	宵	東
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	交	通
Old Chinese	/*kreːw/	/*l̥ʰoːŋ/

Tsiahy

• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 交通 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Japoney

Matoanteny

交通

1. mandeha amin'ny lalana voafaritra tsara
2. mifandray amin'ny olona hafa

Fanononana

(Tokyo) こーつう [kòótsúú] (Heiban – [0]) AAI(lakile): [ko̞ːt͡sɨː]

Tsiahy

• :* 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
• :* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 交通 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)

Anarana iombonana

交通

1. fifamoivoizana
2. firaisana ara-tsosialy
3. fitaterana

Fanononana

(Tokyo) こーつう [kòótsúú] (Heiban – [0]) AAI(lakile): [ko̞ːt͡sɨː]

Tsiahy

• :* 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
• :* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
• Ity pejy ity dia nadika avy amin'ny pejy 交通 tao amin'ny Wikibolana amin'ny teny anglisy. (lisitry ny mpandray anjara)